03 SEAFDEC External Publicationshttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12066/57682024-03-28T17:51:18Z2024-03-28T17:51:18ZSandfish (Holothuria scabra) as potential reservoir of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) when co-cultured with black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)de la Peña, Leobert D.Caber, Dieyna B.Villacastin, Anne Jinky B.Cabillon, Nikko Alvin R.Arboleda, Joey I.Castellano, Jose Louis A.Nava, Joseph Keith PauloWatanabe, Satoshihttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12066/74552024-03-15T07:25:52Z2024-03-08T00:00:00ZSandfish (Holothuria scabra) as potential reservoir of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) when co-cultured with black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon)
de la Peña, Leobert D.; Caber, Dieyna B.; Villacastin, Anne Jinky B.; Cabillon, Nikko Alvin R.; Arboleda, Joey I.; Castellano, Jose Louis A.; Nava, Joseph Keith Paulo; Watanabe, Satoshi
Since the first occurrence of White Spot Disease (WSD) in 1992, it is still listed as one of the crustacean diseases by the World Organisation for Animal Health in 2022. Horizontal transmission in co-culture systems is one of the usual modes in the spread of the disease. WSD outbreak was recorded during the experimental run of the co-culture of black tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon) and sandfish (Holothuria scabra) in the grow-out phase. In this study, artificial infection through two cohabitation experiments were conducted to determine if H. scabra is a potential non-crustacean vector or reservoir of WSSV. Samples were checked using one-step and nested PCR for increased readout sensitivity of virus infection to investigate the horizontal transmission between prawn and sandfish. During the first cohabitation (5 days) where WSSV (+) prawn were cohabited with WSSV (-) sandfish, 100% of the prawn were one-step PCR positive for WSSV while 100% of the sandfish were nested PCR positive. Subsequently, WSSV (+) sandfish from the first cohabitation were transferred to another tank to be cohabited with WSSV (-) prawn. Sampling of both prawn and sandfish was done every 6 days post-infection (dpi). At 6 to 18 dpi, prawn and sandfish were nested PCR positive. At 25 dpi, there were no prawns left due to mortality and 1 of the 3 remaining sandfish was nested PCR positive. Based on the results, it elucidates the ability of sandfish to bioaccumulate the viral particles when cohabited with WSSV (+) prawn. Results suggest that WSSV is viable in the sandfish confirming its potential as a vector or reservoir due to the consistent nested PCR positive results of the prawn during the second cohabitation. Hence, it can be inferred that sandfish can be a potential non-crustacean vector or reservoir of WSSV for a limited period of time.
2024-03-08T00:00:00ZIn vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of commercial probiotics and disinfectant against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and luminescent vibriosis in Litopenaeus vannameide la Peña, Leobert D.Moquera, Germin L.Amar, EdgarCastellano, Jose Louis A.Cabillon, Nikko Alvin R.Arboleda, Joey I.Nava, Joseph Keith PauloZamora, Rodolfo V. Jr.De Schryver, Peterhttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12066/74542024-03-13T01:40:34Z2024-05-01T00:00:00ZIn vitro and in vivo evaluation of the efficacies of commercial probiotics and disinfectant against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease and luminescent vibriosis in Litopenaeus vannamei
de la Peña, Leobert D.; Moquera, Germin L.; Amar, Edgar; Castellano, Jose Louis A.; Cabillon, Nikko Alvin R.; Arboleda, Joey I.; Nava, Joseph Keith Paulo; Zamora, Rodolfo V. Jr.; De Schryver, Peter
The bioactivities of two commercially available probiotics and one chemical disinfectant were tested against strains of <em>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</em> (VP<sub>AHPND</sub>) and <em>V. harveyi</em>. This study aimed to determine shrimp pathogenic Vibrios' <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> sensitivities to commercial probiotics and a chemical disinfectant. The probiotics and disinfectant were tested first <em>in vitro,</em> followed by the <em>in vivo</em> trials. Results showed that upon administration of probiotics either through diet or adding into the tank water, the survivability of shrimp was increased during challenge with VP<sub>AHPND</sub> and <em>V. harveyi</em>. Also, the disinfectant was tested against the same pathogens and showed positive bactericidal effects at 2500 ppm and 5000 ppm. The present findings suggest that adding probiotics to the rearing water or the shrimp feeds effectively prevents infection by lowering the load of pathogenic bacteria. In comparison, the effectiveness of the disinfectant (PUR) depends on its appropriate concentration and timing of application. It is not only limited to rearing water but is also applicable for decontaminating pond liners, tanks, and other paraphernalia.
2024-05-01T00:00:00ZUtilization of a portable glucometer for the measurement of tissue glucose as a stress indicator in ornamental fishCaipang, Christopher MarloweDeocampo Jr., Joel E.Fenol, Jehannie T.Onayan, Francis B.Yerro, Edda Brenda S.Caipang, Christian Le MarjoPakingking, Rolandohttp://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12066/74522024-03-11T06:29:48Z2021-01-01T00:00:00ZUtilization of a portable glucometer for the measurement of tissue glucose as a stress indicator in ornamental fish
Caipang, Christopher Marlowe; Deocampo Jr., Joel E.; Fenol, Jehannie T.; Onayan, Francis B.; Yerro, Edda Brenda S.; Caipang, Christian Le Marjo; Pakingking, Rolando
The stress response in vertebrates is determined by measuring cortisol production following acute or chronic exposure to various environmental stimuli. Cortisol assays as responses to stressful events are done on blood samples using ELISA or radio-immunoassays. However, these procedures require expensive reagents and special equipment that are not available to most fish growers or hobbyists. A portable glucometer, which is a point-of-care (POC) device to monitor blood glucose levels, was assessed in terms of its usefulness in assessing the stress response in vertebrates by quantitating whole body (tissue) glucose. Using ornamental fish as our model species, glucose levels from tissue homogenates were measured in swordtail (Xiphophorus hellerii) following handling stress by exposure to air for 3 min. Tissue glucose was measured before air exposure (control), immediately after air exposure for 3 min, and at 30 min post-air exposure (recovery). There was an increase in tissue glucose immediately after exposure of the fish to air for 3 min. At 30 min post-exposure, the levels of tissue glucose were still elevated, but may be moving towards returning to the pre-air exposure levels (control), which were measured prior to the application of the stressor. Our results have shown that a portable glucometer has good potential in monitoring stress response in vertebrates using ornamental fish as a model by quantifying tissue glucose in lieu of a more expensive cortisol assay.
2021-01-01T00:00:00ZMicrobial diversity assessment in milkfish culture pondsDalmacio, Leslie MichelleRamirez, Bernadette L.Estacio, RhodoraBorlongan, Ilda G.Ramirez, J. M.Evangelista, Karen V.Madlangbayan, E.Guillergan, FredKron, M. A.http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12066/74502024-03-11T06:27:00Z2020-02-01T00:00:00ZMicrobial diversity assessment in milkfish culture ponds
Dalmacio, Leslie Michelle; Ramirez, Bernadette L.; Estacio, Rhodora; Borlongan, Ilda G.; Ramirez, J. M.; Evangelista, Karen V.; Madlangbayan, E.; Guillergan, Fred; Kron, M. A.
Aims: To determine bacterial diversity in milkfish culture ponds that contain different life-cycle stages of the milkfish (pond A: fry, pond B: juveniles and pond C: adults) by DNA sequence analysis of organisms and compare that microbial diversity to organisms found in soil adjacent to the ponds.
Study Design: Comparative metagenomic study of aquatic and terrestrial biodiversity based on DNA sequence analysis of water and soil DNA.
Place and Duration of Study: SEADEC milkfish ponds in Tigbauan, Iloilo, Philippines. All water and soil samples were collected over a three-day period.
Methodology: DNA sequence analysis of nucleic acids extracted from water samples collected from the three types of milkfish ponds along with soil adjacent to the ponds. DNA was extracted and PCR was performed using the 11F-1492R primer pair to amplify 16S rRNA gene. Purified 16S rDNA amplicons were cloned in using the TOPO-TA cloning kit for DNA sequencing. 16s rRNA gene sequences were analyzed with the use of software tools at the National Center for Biotechnology Information website and imported into the ARB phylogenetic analysis software. Distance matrices were exported using the neighbor-joining algorithm in ARB, in the form of PHYLIP-formatted lower triangular matrices. The distance matrices were then used to calculate Shannon-Weaver and Simpson diversity indices to evaluate the richness and evenness of the sampled populations. Rarefaction curves were determined to evaluate sampling efficiency.
Results: Rarefaction curves indicated that the sampling effort was sufficient to reveal the majority of phyla present in the sample. Shannon-Weaver and Simpson indices suggested that the diversities of all the groups were statistically different from each other. It was observed that pond A was least diverse, followed by pond C and pond B. The soil was most diverse. DNA sequence analysis identified the various species of bacteria in soil and water.
Conclusion: All three pond communities were significantly different in diversity. This study did not identify any significant human pathogens such as Vibrios, Salmonella or Shigella. Bacterial diversity of sites decreased in the following order: soil > fry pond > fingerling pond > adult pond.
2020-02-01T00:00:00Z