AQD Books and Book Chapters

Practices and economics of successful shrimp farms in the Philippines

2006-01-01T00:00:00Z

Practices and economics of successful shrimp farms in the Philippines Yap, Wilfredo G.; Villaluz, Antonio C. Leung, PingSun; Engle, Carole After reaching a production of 90,426 mt in 1994, production of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in the Philippines has slowly declined and has dropped to only 35,493 mt, the lowest since 1987. Amidst the production failures besetting most of the farms in the country, a few farms man- aged to turn around once again and operate profitably with some even expanding their operations and are the subject of this study covering 40 farms. The common characteristics of the successful farms were found to be as follows: (a) easy access to clean seawater due to relatively deep nature of the shoreline, availability of saltwater from well, or adequate reservoir area to treat new water; (b) clean and compact pond bottom either because these are located above the tidal level or have been backfilled heavily with crushed limestone; (c) use of healthy fry by ascertaining fry condition through proper diagnostics; (d) adequate aeration; (e) good feed management; (f) use of bioreme- diators such as microbial inoculants (often referred to as probiotics), fish or both; (g) long dry-out period or alternating shrimp with tilapia or milkfish effectively limiting shrimp production to only one crop per year; and (h) adequate production-based incentives to technicians and workers. When standardized into 5 ha farms under three stocking density conditions, the economic performances are as follows at density levels of 5/m², 15/m², and 40/m², respectively. The returns on investment (ROI) are 106.7%, 66.0%, and 78.5%; the internal rates of return (IRR) 250%, 111%, and 142%; and finally a return on equity (at a loan/equity of 70:30) 355.8%, 220.1%, and 261.8%.

A practical guide to feeds and feed management for cultured groupers

2005-01-01T00:00:00Z

A practical guide to feeds and feed management for cultured groupers Sim, Sih-Yang; Rimmer, Michael A.; Williams, Kevin; Toledo, Joebert D.; Sugama, Ketut; Rumengan, Inneke; Phillips, Michael J. Farming of groupers (members of the Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae) is widely practiced in Asia. Groupers are carnivorous and consequently prefer feeds high in fish protein. Most farms in Asia still rely on what is commonly termed "trash fish". Despite the apparent abundance and availability of "trash" fish in many areas, there are some issues and problems related to its use in fish farming. To provide farmers with a viable alternative to feeding trash fish to grouper, the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR) supported project FIS/97/73 Improved hatchery and grow-out technology for grouper aquaculture in the Asia-Pacific region from 1999 to 2002, with one component to develop formulated feed for grouper aquaculture. The experiences of the project have been synthesized into this Practical Guide to Feeds and Feed Management for Cultured Groupers to promote the use of formulated feeds; promote reduction in the use of trash fish in grouper aquaculture; and to assist farmers in making more efficient use of feeds and feed resources. This guide explores new and better farming practices making use of formulated feeds, as well as technical aspects of feed storage and quality control, management of feeding including weaning of groupers onto formulated feeds and economic considerations.

Seaweed health problems: Major limiting factors affecting the sustainability of the seaweed aquaculture industry in the Philippines

2024-01-01T00:00:00Z

Seaweed health problems: Major limiting factors affecting the sustainability of the seaweed aquaculture industry in the Philippines Faisan, Jr., Joseph; Hurtado, Anicia Q. Critchley, Alan; Hurtado, Anicia; Neish, Iain The Philippines remains one of the top eucheumatoid seaweed producers worldwide. However, the reported seaweed health problems affecting farms have been one of the reasons for the decline in seaweed production in the country. Outbreaks of “ice-ice” disease (IID), epiphytic pests, and grazing problems have significantly reduced biomass yields and compromised carrageenan quality, directly affecting the livelihood of tens of thousands of families dependent on seaweed farming. In this chapter, we listed seaweed health problems based on type-association with the host seaweed plant and highlighted factors contributing to farm problems. Additionally, recommendations are presented that are relevant to the protection of the long-term sustainability of the eucheumatoid seaweed farming industry in the Philippines.

Comparative analysis of small-scale aquaculture industry in three Southeast Asian countries

2007-01-01T00:00:00Z

Comparative analysis of small-scale aquaculture industry in three Southeast Asian countries Matsuura, Tsutomu Nakamura, Koji In many Southeast Asian countries, coastal fishing villages are increasingly encouraging their inhabitants to start small-scale aquaculture as a way of reducing the labor involved in fishing and diversifying their sources of income. This study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of small-scale aquaculture in the Philippines, Thailand and Malaysia (hereinafter referred to as the ‘three countries’). Aquaculture plays a leading role as a secondary source of income in the Philippines, and is both a primary and secondary source of income in Thailand and Malaysia. Even if a highly productive method of aquaculture were introduced in the Philippines, however, it would not see much uptake because it would be prone to damage by typhoons. Thailand and Malaysia, however, which are unaffected by typhoons, have rapidly increased their mussel production thanks to the active introduction of highly productive aquaculture methods. Our search of the points that developing areas in the three countries have in common revealed that many people started small-scale aquaculture after the mid-1990s in advanced areas, and that most small-scale aquaculture operators say that shellfish are easy to culture and want to continue in the business.