Socioeconomics and Gender Roles in the Blood Cockle Fishery Refugia in Prek Sangke Village, Prey Nop 2, Sihanoukville Province, Cambodia

Abstract

Blood cockle is a vital food source and income for coastal communities, but its populations are declining due to pollution, habitat loss, and overharvesting. The SEAFDEC Training Department conducted a survey in December 2023 in Prek Sangke Village, Prey Nop 2, Sihanoukville Province, Cambodia to assess the socioeconomic condition and gender roles of fishers, along with their views on the benefits and challenges of the fishery refugia for blood cockle. The data were collected through interviews and focus group discussions with 28 female respondents and key informants. The results showed that all respondents were engaged in blood cockle collection, with 48% relying on it as their main source of income, earning around KHR 308,806 (USD 76) per month. The fishery refugia for blood cockle preserved jobs and boosted fisheries, but illegal fishing and unclear boundaries remained a challenge. Gender roles are distinct, with women handling household chores and net repairs. The survey emphasizes the need for community involvement, especially women, in fisheries management. Strengthening surveillance, educating outsiders, and promoting co-management could improve sustainability. Clear guidelines and inclusive decision-making are essential for effective blood cockle resource conservation.