Marine-fish mangrove aquaculture

Abstract

Aquaculture has often been blamed by environmental lobby groups as one of the main causes of mangrove destruction. In the Philippines, large areas of mangroves were converted through the years into fish and shrimp ponds. There are aquaculture practices that can be done without destroying the existing mangroves. Mangrove-friendly aquaculture practices of different marine species such as extensive pond culture, culture of marine fish in a modified pond/pen system in mangrove, and cage culture of marine fish near mangrove areas are environment-friendly. These practices are described in this paper.