Integrating Multilayered Identification and Technology in Fisheries Governance: lesson from vessel marking system in Malaysia

Abstract

Fishing vessel marking is a cornerstone of fisheries management in Malaysia, serving as a key tool for monitoring, control, and surveillance (MCS). To align with international frameworks such as the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries and the NPOA-IUU, Malaysia has implemented a comprehensive system under the Fisheries Act 1985 to ensure fishing vessels are clearly and consistently marked according to global standards. The system incorporates registration numbers, zone codes, wheelhouse colors, International Radio Call Sign (ICRS), and vessel authentication features such as tin plates, special stamping marks, and newly introduced QR codes. These measures strengthen enforcement, deter vessel cloning, enhance licensing transparency, improve maritime safety, and support regional cooperation. The recent introduction of QR codes for deep-sea fishing vessels under the Vessel Identification System (SIV) demonstrates the commitment of Malaysia to technology-driven modernization of fisheries governance. By maintaining a standardized vessel identification system, Malaysia safeguards marine resources, protects the livelihoods of fishing communities, and upholds its role as a responsible fishing flag State. The country’s system also provides valuable lessons for other countries in developing practical and cost-effective vessel making frameworks adaptable to national contexts.