Tolerance of Penaeus monodon eggs and larvae to fungicides against Lagenidium sp. and Haliphthoros philippinensis

Abstract

The in vivo effect of mycostatic levels of fungicides against the fungi Lagenidium sp. and Haliphthoros philippinensis was tested on Penaeus monodon eggs and larvae. Hatching rate and survival of nauplii, zoeae, myses and postlarvae exposed to 10 mg/l benzalkonium chloride, 1 mg/l Clotrimazole, 1 mg/l crystal violet, 10 mg/l 2,4-D, 10 mg/l Daconil, 20 mg/l laundry detergent, 1 mg/l Econazole nitrate, 10 mg/l Resiguard, 0.2 mg/l and 10 mg/l Treflan-R, and 0.01 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l trifluralin were monitored daily for 96 h in a static bioassay in glass aquaria. Test chemicals did not have an inhibitory effect on hatching rate but survival rate of hatched nauplii was significantly reduced in most treatments except those with 0.2 mg/l Treflan-R and 0.2 mg/l trifluralin. Tests with zoeae, myses and postlarvae indicated that 0.2 mg/l Treflan-R as well as 0.01 mg/l and 0.2 mg/l trifluralin did not adversely affect survival. In addition, application of 10 mg/l benzalkonium chloride caused no significant mortalities among exposed myses.