Hidden in Plain Sight: freshwater whiprays of Southeast Asia and their ecological significance

Abstract

Freshwater whiprays, belonging to the families Dasyatidae and Potamotrygonidae, are unique stingrays thriving in low-salinity environments such as rivers and lakes. Southeast Asia is the habitat of at least five whipray species belonging to the Dasyatidae family, namely: Fluvitrygon signifer, F. kittipongi, F. oxyrhynchus, Urogymnus polylepis, and U. dalyensis. SEAFDEC Marine Fishery Resources Development and Management Department (MFRDMD) explored the distribution patterns and conservation status of freshwater whiprays in Malaysia and Southeast Asia, highlighting the significant ecological roles and threats. Through DNA barcoding, the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships were examined among whipray populations, revealing distinct geographical clusters and considerable conservation concerns. The findings underscore the need for targeted conservation measures, including habitat protection, pollution control, and sustainable fishing practices, to ensure the survival and ecological integrity of freshwater whiprays. Continuous research and monitoring are essential to address the gaps in biodiversity knowledge and to implement effective conservation strategies in Southeast Asia.