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Euryhaline rotifer Proales similis as initial live food for rearing fish with small mouth

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Date
2014
Author
Hagiwara, Atsushi
Wullur, Stenly
Marcial, Helen S.
Hirai, Narisato
Sakakura, Yoshitaka
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Abstract
The SS-type rotifer Brachionus rotundiformis is a common initial food for rearing fish larvae with a small mouth. However, there are commercially important fish species whose mouth sizes are too small to feed on SS-type rotifers. In 2004, we isolated a small (body length = 82.7 ± 10.9 μm; body width 40.5 ± 6.4 μm), flexible, and iloricate rotifer, Proales similis from an estuary in Okinawa, Japan. Under laboratory conditions (25 °C, 2–25 ppt) P. similis produced its first offspring on 2.5 to 2.8 days after hatching, and produced 4.3 to 7.8 offspring within 4.0 to 4.7 days life span. Batch cultured P. similis fed Nannochloropsis oculata suspension at 28.8 μg dry weight ml− 1 and cultured at 25 °C, 25 ppt filtered seawater, increased exponentially from 25 to 2400 ind ml− 1 after 11 days of culture with an overall intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) of 0.42 day− 1. The growth rate of P. similis was not significantly different when fed fresh N. oculata and super fresh Chlorella vulgaris-V12®. Total lipid per wet weight of P. similis fed by N. oculata and C. vulgaris were 2.4 and 2.6%, respectively. The compositions of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (ARA) of P. similis fed N. oculata were 23.2, 0.0 and 5.3%, respectively, while these were 11.0, 17.5 and 0.5% respectively, when fed C. vulgaris. The use of P. similis to feed small mouth fish including seven-band grouper Epinephelus septemfasciatus, rusty angelfish Centropyge ferrugata, and humphead wrasse Cheilinus undulatus showed that it is an excellent starter food for these species because of their high selectivity index and improved survival. In addition, P. similis was ingested by Japanese eel Anguilla japonica larvae with a complicated digestive system. The use of P. similis as starter feed for small mouth fish larvae is highly recommended.
URI
http://hdl.handle.net/10862/2167
Suggested Citation
Hagiwara, A., Wullur, S., Marcial, H. S., Hirai, N., & Sakakura, Y. (2014). Euryhaline rotifer Proales similis as initial live food for rearing fish with small mouth. Aquaculture, 432, 470-474.
DOI
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.034
Subject
marine fish ASFA; live feeds ASFA; marine invertebrates ASFA; Catadromous species; body size ASFA; Marine aquaculture; digestive system ASFA; fish larvae ASFA; fish culture ASFA; Epinephelus septemfasciatus; Centropyge; Nannochloropsis oculata; Cheilinus undulatus; Anguilla japonica; Proales; Brachionus rotundiformis; Rotifera; Japan
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